The Science

The science behind the conversations.

The peer-reviewed research that grounds every episode — organized by topic and translated into practical implications for the caring adults in young people's lives.

Adverse Childhood Experiences & Trauma

Felitti, Anda, Nordenberg, et al. · Am. J. Prev. Med. · 1998

Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The ACE Study

The foundational ACE Study linking childhood abuse and household dysfunction to the leading causes of adult mortality — the starting point for understanding how early adversity shapes lifelong health.

Adverse Childhood Experiences & Trauma

Anda, Felitti, Bremner, et al. · Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. · 2006

The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood: A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology

A convergence of neurobiology and epidemiology showing how abuse and adverse childhood experiences alter brain development and long-term health.

Adverse Childhood Experiences & Trauma

Shonkoff & Garner · Pediatrics · 2012

The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress

A landmark Pediatrics paper framing early childhood adversity and toxic stress as a public-health imperative with lifelong effects.

Adverse Childhood Experiences & TraumaDr. Freeny's research

Freeny, Peskin, Schick, Cuccaro, Addy, Morgan, Lopez, & Johnson-Baker · J. Child Adolesc. Trauma · 2021

Adverse childhood experiences, depression, resilience, & spirituality in African-American adolescents

Dr. Freeny's study connecting ACEs, depression, resilience, and spirituality in African-American adolescents — weaving together several of the podcast's central themes.

Protective Factors & Positive Childhood Experiences

Bethell, Jones, Gombojav, Linkenbach, & Sege · JAMA Pediatrics · 2019

Positive childhood experiences and adult mental and relational health in a statewide sample

A statewide study showing positive childhood experiences promote adult mental and relational health across all levels of adversity — one of the strongest research anchors for the protective factor idea.

Protective Factors & Positive Childhood Experiences

Huang, Halfon, Sastry, Chung, & Schickedanz · Pediatrics · 2023

Positive childhood experiences and adult health outcomes

Recent evidence that positive childhood experiences are independently associated with better adult health outcomes.

Protective Factors & Positive Childhood Experiences

Neblett · Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. · 2023

Racial, ethnic, and cultural resilience factors in African American youth mental health

A contemporary review of racial identity, racial socialization, spirituality, family, and parenting as resilience factors in African American youth mental health.

Connection & Caring Adults

Sieving, McRee, McMorris, et al. · Am. J. Prev. Med. · 2017

Youth-adult connectedness: A key protective factor for adolescent health

Directly examines connectedness with caring adults as a protective factor for adolescent health — central to the podcast's message that one trusted adult can change everything.

Connection & Caring Adults

Resnick, Bearman, Blum, et al. · JAMA · 1997

Protecting adolescents from harm: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health

A landmark national study of protective influences across family, school, and individual environments.

Connection & Caring Adults

Gaylord-Harden, Barbarin, Tolan, & Murry · Am. Psychol. · 2018

Understanding development of African American boys and young men: Moving from risks to positive youth development

A strengths-based framework for positive youth development among African American boys and young men, moving beyond deficit-focused narratives.

Youth Suicide Prevention

Marraccini & Brier · School Psychol. Q. · 2017

School connectedness and suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A systematic meta-analysis

A systematic meta-analysis linking school connectedness to lower suicidal thoughts and behaviors — tying suicide prevention directly to connection.

Youth Suicide Prevention

Runyan, Becker, Brandspiegel, et al. · West. J. Emerg. Med. · 2016

Lethal means counseling for parents of youth seeking emergency care for suicidality

Lethal means counseling for parents of youth seen in the ER for suicidality — a practical, caregiver-centered suicide-prevention strategy.

Youth Suicide Prevention

Walrath, Godoy Garraza, Reid, Goldston, & McKeon · Am. J. Public Health · 2015

Impact of the Garrett Lee Smith Youth Suicide Prevention Program on suicide mortality

Federal evaluation showing counties with Garrett Lee Smith-funded prevention activities had lower youth suicide mortality than matched comparison counties.

Youth Suicide Prevention

Godoy Garraza, Walrath, Goldston, Reid, & McKeon · JAMA Psychiatry · 2015

Effect of the Garrett Lee Smith Memorial Suicide Prevention Program on suicide attempts among youths

The companion study showing the Garrett Lee Smith program reduced suicide attempts among youth — together with the mortality study, evidence on both deaths and attempts.

Gun & Youth Violence Prevention

Walton, Chermack, Shope, et al. · JAMA · 2010

Effects of a brief intervention for reducing violence and alcohol misuse among adolescents: A randomized controlled trial

The SafERteens trial — a brief intervention tested with urban adolescents (a majority African American) to reduce violence and alcohol misuse.

Gun & Youth Violence Prevention

Nofi, Roberts, Cornell, et al. · J. Pediatr. Surg. · 2023

Hospital-based violence intervention programs to reduce firearm injuries in children: A scoping review

A scoping review of hospital-based violence intervention programs — relevant to hospital–community partnerships, firearm injury prevention, and reinjury prevention after violent injury.

Gun & Youth Violence Prevention

Price & Khubchandani · J. Community Health · 2023

Child access prevention laws and non-Hispanic Black youth firearm mortality

An important bridge between Black youth, firearm mortality, structural conditions, and policy.

Digital Wellness & Online Safety

Odgers & Jensen · J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry · 2020

Adolescent mental health in the digital age: Facts, fears, and future directions

A balanced review of what the research actually supports about adolescent mental health in the digital age — moving past the oversimplification that 'screens are bad.'

Digital Wellness & Online Safety

Shannon, Bush, Villeneuve, Hellemans, & Guimond · JMIR Ment. Health · 2022

Problematic social media use in adolescents and young adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis

A systematic review and meta-analysis of problematic social media use in adolescents and young adults.

Digital Wellness & Online Safety

Nickerson & Fredrick · Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. · 2026

Cyberbullying and mental health in children and adolescents

A current review covering cyberbullying, mental health, protective mechanisms, family involvement, and school-based prevention.

School Mental HealthDr. Freeny's research

Wingenbach, Koswatta, Engels, Freeny, & Haddad · Scientific Reports · 2023

Outcomes of professional development activities for Texas school personnel helping students cope with behavioral and mental health issues

Documents Dr. Freeny's work evaluating professional development for Texas school personnel supporting students' behavioral and mental health — including mindfulness and trauma-informed practice.

School Mental Health

Hoover & Bostic · Psychiatr. Serv. · 2021

Schools as a vital component of the child and adolescent mental health system

A foundational case for schools as essential settings for prevention, early identification, intervention, and treatment.

School Mental Health

Beason, Knox, Lever, Hoover, Dubin, & Gordon-Achebe · Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am. · 2024

Using a culturally responsive, antiracist, and equitable approach to school mental health

A culturally responsive, antiracist, and equitable approach to comprehensive school mental health — aligned with the podcast's focus on equity and youth voice.

School Mental Health

Woods-Jaeger, Hampton-Anderson, Christensen, et al. · Psychol. Trauma · 2022

School-based racial microaggressions: A barrier to resilience among African American adolescents exposed to trauma

Connects ACEs, violence exposure, schools, race, trauma, and resilience — showing how school-based racial microaggressions can undermine recovery.

Policy, Systems & Population Health

Orenstein, Yarnell, Connors, Bohnenkamp, Hoover, & Lever · J. Sch. Health · 2024

The State School Mental Health Profile: Findings from 25 states

Findings from 25 states on school mental health policy, funding, leadership, infrastructure, and implementation.

Policy, Systems & Population Health

Chriqui, Leider, Temkin, et al. · J. Sch. Health · 2020

State laws matter when it comes to district policymaking relative to the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child framework

Evidence that state policy can shape district-level school health policy under the WSCC framework.

Policy, Systems & Population Health

Mays · J. Sch. Health · 2020

Advancing student health and achievement through Medicaid: Lessons learned from state efforts to expand school health services

How a federal Medicaid policy change created opportunities for states and districts to expand school health services.

Policy, Systems & Population Health

Athey, Nestadt, Rogers, Dunton, McCourt, & Wilcox · J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry · 2025

A national evaluation of the impact of child access prevention laws on rates of youth suicide and other youth firearm deaths

A strong intersection of policy, firearm safety, and suicide prevention — using U.S. mortality data from 1990–2020 to evaluate state child-access-prevention laws.

Policy, Systems & Population Health

Slopen & Williams · Dev. Psychopathol. · 2021

Resilience-promoting policies and contexts for children of color in the United States: Existing research and future priorities

Argues that resilience is not only something children possess individually — policies and social environments can themselves create resilience-promoting conditions.