Understanding protective factors provides a more comprehensive picture of a person’s experiences beyond adversity alone. By identifying these strengths, we can develop more effective and holistic interventions and support systems that build upon existing assets to foster positive outcomes.
In development
Sample questions
The ProFACES Assessment Tool is currently in the development and testing phase. The questions below are provided as examples.
- 1Do you believe, know, or think that a parent, stepparent, or sibling would defend you against a person insulting or verbally threatening you? (Yes/No/Don’t know or does not apply)
- 2Has a relative or an authority figure in your life (e.g., coach or teacher) ever spoken up for you when someone swore at you, insulted you, or put you down verbally?
- 3Has your parent, stepparent, caregiver, or sibling ever taught you how to stand up for yourself when someone tries to hurt or harm you?
- 4Do you have someone you trust to tell if anyone were to ever sexually abuse you, touch your private parts, or ask you to touch their private parts in a sexual way against your will?
- 5Do you often feel that your family or caregiver loves you unconditionally?
- 6Do you have a connection with a higher power or find strength and comfort in your religion or spirituality?
- 7Do you feel comfortable playing outside in your neighborhood?
- 8Do you have a playground or recreation center in your neighborhood?
- 9Do you have a favorite teacher at your school?
Rationale
ProFACES addresses the need for a comprehensive understanding of children’s experiences, going beyond the identification of adverse childhood experiences to also assess protective factors and social assets. While ACEs are significant predictors of negative health and social outcomes, focusing solely on adversity neglects the strengths and resources that mitigate the impact of trauma and promote resilience. Understanding both risk and protective factors produces a more balanced and complete view of a child’s situation, informing more effective interventions.
Why assessing protective factors matters
- Identifies existing strengths and resources within individuals, families, and communities that can be leveraged to promote positive development and well-being.
- Shifts the focus from a deficit-based approach to a strengths-based approach, empowering individuals and communities by recognizing their inherent resilience.
- Provides valuable information for tailoring interventions and support services to build upon existing assets, making them more effective and sustainable.
- Highlights the importance of social context — supportive relationships, community resources, and access to services — in promoting resilience.
Benefits
- Improved understanding of the complex interplay between adversity and resilience.
- More holistic and effective interventions that address both risk and protective factors.
- Enhanced capacity to promote positive outcomes, even in the presence of adversity.
- Informed policy and practice that fosters supportive environments and builds community resilience.
Implications
Research
Allows for more nuanced research on child development, trauma, and resilience, leading to a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to well-being.
Practice
Informs the development of more effective prevention and intervention programs in healthcare, education, and social services.
Policy
Guides the development of policies that promote supportive environments for children and families, fostering resilience at the community and societal levels.
Interested in the ProFACES survey tool?
Contact Dr. Freeny to learn more or to participate in testing.
Email jfreeny@gmail.com